The following is Part 1 of a four-part series. The basic one-op-amp differential amplifier consists of one op-amp and four resistors. Yet few have contemplated the depth of its complexity. It is ...

Design analysis of the K2-W Vacuum Tube Op Amp’s design and operation reveals the mad science that created a commercial revolution in 1950s and 1960s analog computing. Op amps played a critical role ...

Minimizing the noise effects of electric and magnetic fields on op-amp circuits does not require a magician. A step-by-step procedure can tame such interference. Once you understand the basis of noise ...

My hands-on introduction to operational amplifiers was in 1969 while in the army as a junior scientist in the Atmospheric Science Laboratory at the White Sands Proving Grounds. We had taken a ...

Andy recommends favorite resources for basic op amp circuits and includes a portion of TI's AN-20. Test your knowledge with our op amp quiz; answer explanations are included. By 1969, a fledgling ...

In the last Circuit VR we looked at some basic op amp circuits in a simulator, including the non-inverting amplifier. Sometimes you want an amplifier that inverts the signal. That is a 5V input ...