The judge who will decide whether Google holds a monopoly over technology that matches buyers and sellers of online advertising must choose whether to believe what Google executives wrote or what they have said on the witness stand.

The European Commission, in its 2019 ruling, had accused Google of exploiting its market dominance by restricting websites from using ad brokers other than its AdSense service for search ads.

Antitrust officials had imposed the fine over how the search giant might have restricted the way that some websites displayed ads sold by its rivals.