Only one copy of a single issue still exists. In fact, one of the only things known about the Messenger is that in 1921, the white-dominated Charlottesville Daily Progress reprinted a Messenger ...

Every year, the state of Florida observes the birth of Confederate General Robert E. Lee as an official state holiday.

and provoked sharp alarm among Black commentators across the country. In a May 31, 1890, article, Richmond Planet editor John Mitchell, Jr. pointed out that Confederate flags and emblems far ...