Circuit simulations are great because you can experiment with circuits and make changes with almost no effort. In Circuit VR, we look at circuits using a simulator to do experiments without having to ...

In the last Circuit VR we looked at some basic op amp circuits in a simulator, including the non-inverting amplifier. Sometimes you want an amplifier that inverts the signal. That is a 5V input ...

The very basics of operational amplifiers. Learn comparator, inverting, and non-inverting op-amp configurations. An operational amplifier, or op amp, is a dc-coupled high-gain electronic voltage ...

Engineers often encounter difficulty when attempting to accurately rectify low-amplitude AC signals using standard diode-based circuits. The primary issue arises from the diode’s forward voltage drop, ...

Native SPICE elements that accurately replicate an op amp’s real-world behavior were nonexistent. A transconductance sourcing current from the rails and transitioning to a resistive state as the ...

A few months ago, I wrote a Signal Chain Basics article titled “3 considerations when selecting an op amp.” While that article is very useful for selecting operational amplifiers (op amps) for new ...