French scientists have decoded a letter written in 1547 by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. The three-page letter uncovers secrets of the 16th century, including assassination fears.

When Charles V assumed the throne in 1519, the nineteen‑year‑old Habsburg suddenly controlled one of the most sprawling ...

A team of researchers has cracked a five century-old code which reveals a rumoured French plot to kill the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain Charles V. Charles was one of the most powerful men ...

Holy Roman Emperor’s Secret Code Broken After 500 Years, Revealing Assassination Fears Despite his paranoia, Charles V actually died of malaria in the end. Benjamin Taub ...

Charles V, king of Spain and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, ruled over vast regions of central and western Europe and the Americas for much of the first half of the sixteenth century. This ...

Heir to a collection of realms—including Spain and its American colonies, along with the Netherlands—he eventually succeeded his grandfather as Holy Roman Emperor in central Europe.

Prof. Parker (Ohio State), the well-known specialist in Spanish and early modern military history, follows up his impressive Imprudent King: A New Life of Philip II with this thick biography of that ...